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Ancient Civilizations

Cultures, Historic Events, and Monumental Structures

Modern civilization owes an enormous debt to the influential empires and great cities of ancient times. The techniques, inventions, and concepts enabled the development of mankind, and formed the foundation for our current lifestyle in the modern world. From the legendary inheritance of ancient Greece to the magnificent pyramids of the Maya, remnants of their prominence still grace the earth, continuing to fascinate, enthuse and perplex. Thousands of years after the decline of these ancient civilizations, archaeologists, historians, and other researchers of the ancient past, spend their whole lifetime and career determined to unlock the secrets, in the chance to walk in the footsteps of our enlightened ancient ancestors.

Here is just a glimpse at some of our more prominent Ancient Civilizations!

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Ancient History

"The inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization (3000-1500 BC, Mature Period 2600-1900 BC) developed a sophisticated system of standardization (Mathematical System), using weights and measures, evident by the excavations made at the Indus valley sites. This technical standardization enabled gauging devices to be effectively used in angular measurement and measurement for construction.

Calibration was also found in measuring devices along with multiple subdivisions."
Mathematical System
"Standardized earthenware plumbing pipes with broad flanges making use of asphalt for preventing leakages appeared in the urban settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization by 2700 BC. Plumbing originated during the ancient civilizations such as the Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, and Chinese civilizations as they developed public baths and needed to provide potable water, and drainage of wastes.

Improvement in plumbing systems was very slow, with virtually no progress made from the time of the Roman system of aqueducts and lead pipes until the 19th century. Eventually the development of separate, underground water and sewage systems eliminated open sewage ditches and cesspools."
Plumbing
"As early as 6,000 BC farmers used irrigation to control floods and to guide water to areas where they could grow barley, even in areas where there was not enough rainfall. The ancient Mesopotamian also were among the first to use water caches to store excess water for times of drought.

This basic skill, of bringing water to crops to expand arable land and increase food production, is still a fundamental skill of farmers around the world today."
Irrigation
"The seeder plow, invented by the Mesopotamian, was a major technological achievement. It revolutionized agriculture by carrying out the tasks of seeding and ploughing simultaneously. Seed was dropped down the middle funnel into the furrow that the plow created. The ancient Mesopotamian believed that the god Enlil created the seeder plow and that the image of the plow could also be seen in the stars. They discovered that by observing the movements of celestial bodies they could measure time, which was key for planting crops.

Their astronomical observations still aid today's scientists."
Farming Tools
El Cementerio - Mexico
skull discovered in 1999 - mexico

An ancient burial site in Mexico
has revealed skeletal remains
with 'odd-shaped skulls'.

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